Does the New Central Intake Office PNP Check-list Signal an Upcoming Wave of Negative Substituted Evaluations?

On December 1, 2011, Citizenship and Immigration Canada released a new document check-list for people intending to apply for permanent residency as provincial nominees.  Gone are the days when a province’s nomination certificate demonstrated that an individual could establish themselves economic establishment in Canada.  Now, in addition to the nomination certificate, applicants will have to submit copies of educational diplomas and transcripts, as well as reference letters from all employers for the past ten years.

Sections 3.6-3.8 of Annex B of the Canada – British Columbia Immigration Agreement states that:

3.6  Canada agrees to process economic class applicants nominated for permanent resident status by British Columbia on a priority basis and as expeditiously as possible with a view to achieving Canada’s annual levels plan.

 

3.7  Canada will consider a nomination certificate issued by British Columbia as evidence that British Columbia has conducted due diligence in exercising its authority to assess and nominate candidates pursuant to section 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 of this Annex.

 

Section 3.8 goes on to note, however, that Canada retains the right to substitute a negative evaluation if it disagrees with the province’s assessment.  It states:

3.8  British Columbia is responsible for conducting the due diligence to ensure that the applicant has the ability and is likely to become economically established in British Columbia.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Canada retains the right to substitute its evaluation of the applicant’s ability to become economically established in Canada pursuant to subsection 87(3) of the IRPR.  In exercising its responsibilities under sectionsC.2 and C.4 of Appendix C of this Annex, Canada may also seek clarification from British Columbia on its assessment, the record of which is required under sections 3.4 and 5.3.4 of this Annex. The visa officer may request additional documentation from the nominee which supports the nominee’s ability and likelihood to become economically established in British Columbia.

 

The new check-list suggests that Citizenship and Immigration Canada will now automatically be asking for additional documentation from all nominees to show that they are likely to become economically established in British Columbia.

So the questions have to be asked.. does Citizenship and Immigration Canada no longer think that BC is conducting proper due diligence? And, are we about to see a wave of negative substituted evaluations?

BC PNP Suspends Entry-Level Semi Skilled Pilot Project

The BC PNP has suspended the Entry-Level Semi-Skilled Pilot Project. No new applications are being accepted.

As noted on the BC PNP website:

The Entry-Level and Semi Skilled Pilot Project of the BC PNP expired on August 31, 2011. A review of this pilot project is currently being completed and an update will be posted on our website over the next few weeks.

Until further notice, applications will not be accepted for processing after August 31, 2011. Any ELSS applications received after this date will be returned unprocessed.

Applications received prior to the expiry of the pilot project will be accepted for processing only if the applicant meets the requirement of having at least 9 months of consecutive work experience with the same employer at the time the application is received.

BC PNP Statistics

The British Columbia government has released a report on the province’s Provincial Nominee Program (“BC PNP”).   Introduced in 2001, the BC PNP has become one of the most preferred routes for people immigrating to Canada.  I personally believe that the number of people admitted to the program’s current cap of 3,500 nominations should be increased with a corresponding decrease in some of the federal programs.

The Strategic Occupations Stream

The report reached the following conclusions about the Strategic Occupations Stream, which consists of numerous programs designed to attract skilled or future-skilled workers to British Columbia.

  • From 2005-2010 (mid-year), the BC PNP nominated almost 10,000 workers who were employed by over 4,600 employers.  The top 5 source countries in order for the BC PNP Strategic Occupations Stream during this period was the United Kingdom, China, the Philippines, the United States, and Korea.
  • 25% of nominees settled outside of the Metro Vancouver region.  This is significantly larger than the 10% of Federal Skilled Workers who immigrate to British Columbia that settled outside the Lower Mainland, and the incredibly small 6% of Federal Business Class immigrants.
  • 94% of people nominated continue to live in British Columbia.  86% of people remain in the community where they planned to live at the time of nomination. 87% of nominees where still working in the same occupation as when they were nominated.  77% were working for the same employer.
  • 94% of nominees surveyed were working full time.  BC PNP Skilled Workers reported an average annual pre-tax income of approximately $88,200 in 2009, compared with $64,000 for Federal Skilled Workers.
  • 2% of BC PNP Skilled Workers and 7% of BC PNP Entry Level and Semi-Skilled nominees had incomes that did not meet the Statistics Canada Low Income Cutoff.  By comparison, about 11% of all families in British Columbia had incomes below the LICO.

The Business Stream

The report reached the following conclusions about the Business Stream, which consists of numerous programs designed to attract investment to the province.

  • From 2005 to 2010 (mid-year), 203 entrepreneurs nominated in the business stream invested $423-million into the provincial economy, and created over 1,100 jobs.  The top 5 source countries in order for the BC PNP Business Stream during this period was China, the United Kingdom, Korea, the United States, and Taiwan.
  • 70% of businesses created under the program are created outside of the Lower Mainland.
  • 68% of people were still actively involved in the business for which they were nominated.  Their average annual business revenue in 2009 was $589,500.
  • 93% are still living in British Columbia.  75% have purchased a home.

 

Changes to Alberta Immigrant Nominee Program Strategic Recruitment Stream

Flickr photo by bulliver

On March 14, 2011, the Alberta Immigrant Nominee Program expanded the Strategic Recruitment Stream to include both Compulsory and Designated Trades. Under the program, temporary foreign workers in Alberta can apply for permanent residency if:

  • They intend to and be able to live and work permanently in Alberta.
  • They have an Alberta Qualification Certificate in a compulsory or optional trade.
  • They have an AINP invitation letter from Alberta Industry Training.
  • They are residing in Alberta at the time of application and possess valid work permits from Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) in the trade in which they are certified.
  • They are either currently working in their trade for an Alberta Employer or have previously worked in their trade with an Alberta Employer for a minimum of six months in the past two years.

A list of the compulsory and optional trades can be found on the Alberta government’s website here.

Christy Clark – Putting Families First

On February 26th, 2011, Christy Clark won a hotly contested contest for the leadership of the B.C. Liberal Party.  This means that she will become Premier within the next couple weeks.  While it is unclear whether she can help the Liberals improve in the polls, or even if she can keep the coalition that is the Liberal Party together, judging from her previous tenure as Education Minister and Deputy Premier, she is likely to move forward swiftly with her priorities. 

One of her priorities is to put “families first”.  No specifics have really yet been offered regarding what policies this involves besides creating a February statutory holiday called “Family Day”.  

One way that Christy Clark can improve the circumstances of thousands of British Columbian families is to introduce a “Family Stream” into the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (“BC PNP”).  

The BC PNP is one of Canada’s only provinces whose PNP does not have a family stream (the other provinces that do not have a “Family Stream” are Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta).  British Columbians with  brothers, sisters, nieces, uncles, and children over the age of 22 who are not full-time students etc. are unable to sponsor their family members to immigrate.  While children can sponsor their parents and grand-parents, the process often takes over five years.  The result is that British Columbian immigrant families are often very divided.  

Under the Saskatchewan Immigration Nominee Program (“SNIP”), a Saskatchewaner can nominate any family member who is between the age of 18-49, has completed university / an apprenticeship / other training, and has a minimum level of English.  Applicants must also either have a job offer or have enough funds (about $10,000 + $2,000 per depednent) to live on during their first several months in Saskatchewan.

Manitoba has a similar program to the SNIP, except that applicants need only have completed one year of post-secondary education, and they must have had two years of work experience in the last five years.  The maritimes all have programs that are similar to Manitoba’s.  

By introducing a Family Stream to the BC PNP, Christy Clark would improve British Columbia’s competiveness as a destination province for skilled and/or wealthy immigrants compared to Alberta and Ontario, as these immigrants would be attracted the future ability to sponsor family members.  Ms. Clark would ensure the gratitude and support of numerous immigrant communities.  Most importantly, she would be improving the circumstances of thousands of British Columbian families which are currently divided.

Manitoba PNP Business Processing Times Increase

When the federal immigrant investor program closed, and it became common knowledge that program requirement were doubling, lawyers and consultants began looking at other programs for their clients.  Evidently, they found the Manitoba Provincial Nominee Program for Business (MPNP-B) to be the most attractive.

There are two steps to the MPNP-B.  The first is to make a request for an exploratory visit.  If successful, applicants are required to visit the province for at least one week to explore business opportunities.  During this time, they are required to attend presentations in either Mandarin, Korean, or English. After their exploratory visit is completed, applicants can then apply to immigrate to Manitoba and establish a business.

On December 15, 2010, the Manitoba Provincial Nominee Program for Business (MPNP-B) posted current processing times.  As the table below demonstrates, for Chinese applicants, the wait time for an exploratory visit is huge.

Estimated waiting time for an exploratory visit request (starting from December 15, 2010):
Month received July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Mandarin
Presentation
Weeks
1-5 mths 5-9 mths 9-14 mths 14-18 mths 18-30 mths > 30 mths
Korean
Presentation
Week
n/a n/a n/a n/a 2-4 weeks 4-6 weeks
English
Presentation
Week
n/a 1-3 weeks 3-5 weeks 5-7 weeks 7-10 weeks 10-12 weeks

For Chinese applicants who have yet to apply, it will now take 30 months to get an exploratory visit.  After that there will be at least an additional month to receive a visitor visa and to complete the exploratory visit.  After the exploratory visit, processing times for the full MPNP-B application take between 6 to 12 months.

Applicants looking at applying to immigrate through the MPNP-B program can thus expect to wait almost 43 months for a visa.   That works out to roughly 3.5 years.  Over half that time will be spent at the preliminary stage.  This will make the MPN-B one of the slowest ways to immigrate to Canada.

It will be interesting to see how this unfolds, and if the program changes to meet the growing demand.

PNP Participants Denied Entry at the Border

During the past couple months, our office has received several frantic phone calls from people (often real estate agents or bankers) telling us that a family who was immigrating to Canada under a Provincial Nominee Program was detained by the Canada Border Services Agency when they arrived in Canada, that they were informed that their permanent resident visas were being revoked, and that they had to leave Canada as soon as possible, if not immediately. 

In almost every case, the issue that arose was that the family could not convince CBSA of their intention to reside in their nominating province.  In some instances, the provincial nominees readily acknowledged that they had no intention to reside in their respective nominating provinces.  Other times, they tried their best to convince CBSA of their intention to reside in a certain province, but were unable to convince CBSA of their sincerity.  One particularly memorable case involved a family that had been nominated by Saskatchewan.  The family arrived at Vancouver International Airport with no connecting flight to Saskatchewan.  Furthermore, CBSA was aware of the fact that the father had purchased a house in Vancouver.  Despite the family’s valiant efforts to convince CBSA that the house was for investment purposes, and that they planned to move to Saskatchewan after spending one month with friends in Vancouver, their permanent resident visas were revoked. Our office received a panicked phone call from the real estate agent shortly thereafter.

A common trend in all of the cases has been that the PNP participants had no idea that CBSA was going to examine whether or not they actually intended to reside in their nominating province.  The goal of this post, using the guideline that CIC and CBSA use, is to provide an overview of the port of entry procedures for dealing with provincial nominees who indicate that they never intended or no longer intend to reside in the nominating province or territory. 

The Procedure

It is important to understand that an individual does not obtain permanent resident status when they are issued a visa.  They are simply in possession of a permanent resident visa.  In order for a person to obtain permanent resident status, they have to land in Canada.

Landing is a legal, not a physical, concept.  Indeed, we often provide consultations to people in our downtown office that have not landed in Canada, even though they are obviously physically in the country.

Landing will generally require an interview with CBSA.  For provincial nominees, part of this interview will involve convincing the border officer of their intention to reside in their nominating province.

The Results

Individuals who convince CBSA that they intend to proceed to and reside in their province of nomination will be processed and provided permanent resident status, assuming that all other requirements of landing are met.

Individuals who indicate that they never intended, or no longer intend, to reside in their nominating province will be denied permanent resident status and may have an inadmissibility report written against them.  Such people may also be barred from returning to Canada for two years for misrepresentation. 

Individuals who indicate that while they intended to reside in their nominating province during the application process, but have since changed their mind and no longer intend to reside in the nominating province, may also be denied permanent resident status, and have an inadmissibility report written against them. 

A Warning to Representatives

It behooves immigration consultants and lawyers to be honest with their clients about the requirements of participation in a provincial nomination program.  If an applicant declares to CBSA that his/her representative advised him/her that residence in the province of nomination is not a requirement, then CBSA will record that representative’s name, and store the information.  It is not difficult to imagine the consequences of being on such a list.

Manitoba PNP: Canada’s Most Used PNP Program | 近半PNP移民前往緬省

Manitoba is located in the prairies. Its population is the fifth largest in Canada, at 1,232,654.  It’s capital city is Winnipeg, where 60% of Manitoba’s population live, and is where four of the province’s five universities are located.  It also has Canada’s most successful provincial nominee program.

There are numerous streams to Manitoba’s PNP.

Under the MPNP General stream, a skilled worker can immigrate if he/she can accumulate enough points and demonstrate an intention to live in Manitoba. To be eligible, the individual must either have a close relative in Manitoba, have an affidavit of support from either a close friend or a distant relative in Manitoba, have worked full-time in Manitoba for at least six months, or have completed an educational program in Manitoba.  If eligible, the skilled worker has to meet a points threshold that is similar to that of the Federal Skilled Worker Program, but requires only 55 points instead of 67.

Under the Family Support stream, an individual can immigrate if he/she has a close relative that can support them.  The program is broader than the federal family stream, in that a close relative is defined as a mother/father, son/daughter, sister/brother, aunt/uncle, niece/nephew, grandparent or first cousin.

Under the International Students stream, an individual can apply if he/she has graduated from a post-secondary educational program, obtained a post-graduation work permit, received from a Manitoba employer a formal offer of a full-time, long-term job, and be working for that employer for at least six months.  Beginning in 2011, that last requirement will be dropped.

The Employer Direct stream basically allows a temporary foreign worker to become a permanent resident.

Finally, under the Business Immigrant stream, an individual can immigrate if they have a minimum verifiable personal net worth of $350,000, and have demonstrated business or farm ownership experience or a minimum of 3 years of experience in a senior management role of a successful company. As well, the individual must invest at least $150,000 into the province, and provide a $75,000 deposit with the government of Manitoba.

So why has Manitoba’s PNP known as the most successful PNP? Well, as affirmed by a recent study by the Institute of Research and Public Policy, the MPNP has been the most successful at both attracting immigrants and retaining them.

First, as shown in the table below, Manitoba’s PNP in both absolute terms and as a percentage of total immigration is very high:

PNP Immigration (1999-2008)

Province % of Immigrants Using PNP # of Immigrants Using PNP
Alberta

4.1

7,280

British Columbia

2.6

10,160

Manitoba

58.1

38,116

New Brunswick

36.4

3,868

Newfoundland and Labrador

13.0

617

Nova Scotia

15.7

3,030

Ontario

0.3

3,600

Prince Edward Island

66.2

2,897

Saskatchewan

29.3

6,967

Total

3.3

76,463

What is astonishing is not so much that Manitoba’s PNP has the highest percentage of any province, but also that in absolute numbers it is almost half. In other words, nearly half of the applications for a permanent resident visa as a provincial nominee were issued to people going to Manitoba.

(As an aside, it should be noted that while 76,463 people using PNP from 1999-2008 may seem small, PNP is rapidly growing. In 2012, it is estimated that over 40,000 people will immigrate to Canada under a Provincial Nominee Program, eclipsing the Federal Skilled Worker Program as the largest immigration program.)

Another indication of the program’s success has been how MPNP immigrants do not all settle in Winnipeg. According to the study, from 2000-2008, 88% of people who immigrated to Manitoba using the federal program settled in Winnipeg.  For immigrants under the MPNP, it was only 68%. As well, the retention rate (i.e., the number of immigrants who stay in Manitoba) is 20% higher under the MPNP than it is for immigrants under the federal class.

The survey also showed that 85% of nominees were working after three months.   83% were working in their fields or in a related field.  Finally, 76% of nominees became homeowners within 3 to 5 years.

[UPDATE]

And now in Ming Pao:

移民律師辛湉王(Steven Meurrens)表示,把緬省的PNP與其他省份的同類計劃作比較,可見在1999-2008年(見表)期間,經由PNP計劃移民加國的人士中,近半是到緬省的,可說成績斐然。

他指出,值得注意的是,緬省PNP不單吸引新移民前往省會溫尼辟,還有近三成新移民是去該省其他地方定居,顯示PNP移民在省內其他地區都能找到工作機會。

辛湉王根據報告內容作出分析,85%的PNP移民在抵3個月就可找到工作,且當中83%能找到自己老本行或相關的工種。此外,76%的PNP移民在3至5年內就會買房子。以上種種數字,均顯示緬省的PNP計劃非常成功,「實可說是加拿大最成功的省推薦移民計劃